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R v Bailiff [2002] ACTSC 79 (16 Lub yim hli ntuj 2002)

Xeem tshiab: 20 Lub yim hli ntuj 2002

LUB huab tais v Alexander MARCEL Andre SEBASTIAN BAILIFF [2002] ACTSC 79 (16 Lub yim hli ntuj 2002) CATCHWORDS
Txhaum plaub raws li txoj cai - liam pom unfit rau plead - tshwj xeeb kev mloog ob tog ntawm cov nqi - qhov kev mloog ob tog - qhov teeb meem seb puas lub Tsev Hais Plaub yog txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias liam "cog lub ua uas tshwm sim tawm qhov ua txhaum them" - tswv yim tsis tau yuav tsum tau kos tawm tsam liam vim tsis muab pov thawj - yuav tsum tau ceeb toom rau tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv scrutinizing lub pov thawj.
Txhaum plaub raws li txoj cai - liam pom unfit rau plead - kev nyuab thaum liam kev txom nyem los ntawm tseem ceeb puas siab puas ntsws los yog puas txo lub hlwb muaj mob thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub liam ua txhaum - kev ntseeg ntawm liam hais tias nws tsim nyog yuav tau ua raws li nws tau ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv - yuav tsum tau ntawm thaj av uas tsim nyog rau kev ntseeg - kev xeem ntawm reasonableness ib nrab lub hom phiaj - reasonableness judged by reference mus rau txoj kev tshwm sim raws li liam ntaus nqi rau lawv mus rau yuav tsum tab sis, yuav tsum tau hais tias ib co kev txiav txim twb tshwm sim uas tej zaum yuav ua tau raws li ib tug mistaken kev hem thawj los yog txaus ntshai rau tus liam.
Txhaum plaub raws li txoj cai - tshwj xeeb lub rooj sib hais los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg xwb - seb puas ua constituting txhaum ntawm quab yuam thiab quab yuam occasioning tiag tiag bodily ua mob qhov tseeb tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog.
Teeb meem txhaum cai Act 1900, SS 310, 314, 315, 316, 317, subs 319 (2)
Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994, subs 68 (3)
Saib xyuas thiab tswj ntawm cov khoom Act 1991
Supreme Court Act 1933, s 68C
Pov thawj Act 1995 (Cth), s 144
 R v Morris [2002] ACTSC 12 (unreported, Crispin J, 15 Lub peb hlis ntuj 2002)
Weissensteiner v Tus huab tais [1993] HCA 65; (1993) 178 CLR 217
Azzopardi v Tus huab tais (2001) 205 50 CLR
 R v Knight (1988) 35 Ib tug Crim R 314
 R v Williams (1990) 50 Ib tug Crim R 213
Coulter v Tus huab tais (1988) 164 CLR 350
 R v Miller (1954) 2 QB 282
 R v Chan-Fook [1993] EWCA Crim 1; [1994] 2 Tag nrho cov ER 552
Zecevic v DPP (1987) 162 CLR 642
 R v B (1992) 35 FCR 259
Viro v R [1978] HCA 9; (1978) 141 88 CLR
 R v Hawes (1994) 35 NSWLR 294
Kurtic (1996) 85 Ib tug Crim R 57
Lub xeev kev tsheb nqaj hlau Authority ntawm Tshiab South Wales v Earthline Constructions Pty LTD [1999] HCA 3; (1999) 160 ALR 588
Tsis SCC 98 ntawm 2000, SCC 173 ntawm 2000, SCC 27 xyoo 2001, SCC 37 ntawm xyoo 2002
Kws txiav txim plaub: Crispin J
Supreme Court ntawm ACT
Date: 16 Lub yim hli ntuj 2002
HAUV Supreme lub tsev hais plaub NTAWM LUB)
) Tsis SCC 98 ntawm 2000
Australian capital ib ncig) Tsis SCC 173 ntawm 2000
Tsis SCC 27 xyoo 2001
Tsis SCC 37 ntawm xyoo 2002
LUB huab tais
v
Alexander MARCEL Andre SEBASTIAN BAILIFF

Order
Kws txiav txim plaub: Crispin J
Date: 16 Lub yim hli ntuj 2002
Qhov chaw: Canberra
Lub tsev hais plaub pom tias:
1. tus liam yog tsis txhaum ntawm assaulting Ross Wentworth Stephens ntawm Canberra nyob rau hauv lub Australian capital ib ncig on 11 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2000;
2. tus liam yog tsis txhaum ntawm assaulting Douglas Scott Brown ntawm Canberra nyob rau hauv ib ncig said on 11 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2000;
3. tus liam yog tsis txhaum ntawm assaulting Susan Joan McGee ntawm Canberra nyob rau hauv ib ncig said on 11 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2000 thiab yog li occasioning mus rau nws tiag tiag bodily raug mob;
4. tus liam cog lus ua qhov uas tshwm sim tawm qhov ua txhaum ntawm assaulting Daniel kub nyob rau Canberra nyob rau hauv ib ncig said on 10 Lub yim hli ntuj 2000;
5. tus liam cog lus ua qhov uas tshwm sim tawm qhov ua txhaum ntawm assaulting Anthony raum nyob rau Canberra nyob rau hauv ib ncig said on 26 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2000; thiab
6. tus liam cog lus ua qhov uas tshwm sim tawm qhov ua txhaum ntawm assaulting John Alex Beaton ntawm Canberra nyob rau hauv ib ncig said on 31 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2001 thiab yog li occasioned mus rau nws tiag tiag bodily raug mob.
1. Tus liam mas arraigned ua ntej kuv on plaub indictments alleging lub Commission ntawm cov nram qab no txhaum:
* Assaulting Ross Wentworth Stephens on 11 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2000;
* Assaulting Douglas Scott Brown on 11 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2000;
* Assaulting Susan Joan McGee on 10 Lub ob hlis ntuj 2000 thiab yog li occasioning mus rau nws tiag tiag bodily raug mob;
* Assaulting Daniel kub on 10 Lub yim hli ntuj 2000; thiab
* Assaulting Anthony raum on 26 Plaub Hlis Ntuj, 2000
* Assaulting John Alex Beaton on 31 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2001 thiab yog li occasioning mus rau nws tiag tiag bodily raug mob.
2. Thawj peb suav twb muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev indictment hom qub 7 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2002 nyob rau hauv Hais Plaub numbered SCC 98 ntawm 2000, whilst plaub, tsib thiab thib rau suav twb muaj nyob rau hauv nyias muaj nyias hom qub indictments 8 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2002, 8 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2002 thiab 13 May 2002 thiab numbered SCC 173 ntawm 2000, SCC 27 xyoo 2001, thiab SCC 37 ntawm xyoo 2002 ntsig txog.
3. Qhov Hais Plaub uas liam mas arraigned yog tsis ib sim tiam sis ib tug tshwj xeeb kev mloog ob tog ua raws li s 315 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act 1900 (lub "teeb ​​meem txhaum cai Act").
Qhov txiav txim ntawm unfitness rau plead
4. On 27 Lub ob hlis ntuj 2001 ib tug thiaj li twb tau raws li s 310 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act yuav tsum tau lub liam xa mus rau ciaj ciam ntawm lub Mental Health Tribunal kom Tribunal los mus txiav txim seb puas los yog tsis tau nws haum rau plead mus rau cov nqi thaum uas nws twb tau cog lus rau mus sib. Lub tswvyim ntawm muaj zog rau plead tau zoo codified nyob rau hauv no ib ncig by subs 68 (3) ntawm Kev Puas Hlwb (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994 (lub "Mental Health Act") uas yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nram qab no:
(3) Lub tribunal yuav tsum ua ib tug txiav txim siab tias ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead mus rau ib tug nqi yog hais tias txaus siab hais tias tus neeg puas siab puas ntsws los yog kev raug disordered impaired mus rau raws li hais tias tus neeg yog tsis muaj peev xwm -
(Ib tug) kom nkag siab txog qhov ntawm them nyiaj; los yog
(B) kom nkag mus rau ib tug plea rau qhov nqi them rau mus siv txoj cai los mus tauj xub jurors los yog pawg neeg pab txiav txim; los yog
(C) kom to taub hais tias lub Hais Plaub yog ib tug nug raws li seb tus neeg cog lus qhov ua txhaum; los yog
(D) kom ua raws li cov chav kawm ntawm lub Hais Plaub; los yog
(E) los nkag siab txog ntau heev ua hauj lwm ntawm tej yam ua pov thawj hais tias tej zaum yuav raug muab nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug ntawm lub foob; los yog
(F) los muab cov lus qhia rau nws los yog nws tus neeg sawv cev kev cai lij choj.
5. Muaj ib co kev ncua nyob rau hauv lub Tribunal tus kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus liam thiab nws tsis tau muab ib daim ntawv qhia kom txog rau thaum 26 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2001. Hais tias tsab ntawv ceeb toom qhia tias Tribunal twb pom nws unfit rau plead tiam sis hais tias nws lawm tsis muaj cuab kav txiav txim seb nws yuav ua haum rau plead tsis pub dhau 12 lub hlis tom ntej no.
6. Qhov teeb meem tuaj ua ntej kuv on 30 Lub yim hli ntuj 2001 thaum kuv taw tawm tias Tribunal tus tsis muaj peev xwm mus qhia ib lub tswv yim no qhov teeb meem sab laug lub tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv ib tug quandary. Tus liam tau them nrog loj txhaum thiab tus txheej txheem uas tsev hais plaub twb obliged mus txais mas raws li kav los ntawm txawm tias s 314 los yog s 315 ntawm teeb meem txhaum cai Act. Seem 314 siv tau thaum lub Tribunal ceeb toom lub tsev hais plaub uas nws tau txiav txim tias tus liam yog unfit rau plead mus rau lub them nyiaj tab sis yog yuav ua haum tsis pub dhau 12 lub hlis ntawm qhov txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv hais tias qhov kev tshwm sim, lub Tsev Hais Plaub yuav tsum tau adjourn Hais Plaub. Seem 315 siv tau thaum lub Tribunal tau ceeb toom rau lub tsev hais plaub ntawm ib tug txiav txim tau tias tus liam yog unfit rau plead mus rau ib qhov nqi them rau yog tsis zoo li ua haum tsis pub dhau 12 lub hlis ntawm qhov kev txiav txim los yog qhov twg ib lub sij hawm ntawm 12 lub hlis twb elapsed txij ib tug thawj zaug txiav txim ntawm unfitness thiab liam tseem unfit rau plead. Nyob rau hauv kev tshwm sim uas lub Tsev Hais Plaub yog obliged mus kev ib tug tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais relation mus rau liam. Tsis yog tus twg kev lub kom muaj daim ntawv thov thaum Tribunal tau qhia tsuas yog hais tias nws lawm tsis muaj cuab kav los mus txiav txim seb tus liam mas yog yuav ua kom haum plead tsis pub dhau lub 12 lub hlis lub sij hawm teev. Raws li, kuv tau ib tug ntxiv thiaj li nyob rau hauv s 310 yuav tsum tau lub liam xa mus rau ciaj ciam ntawm lub Tribunal kom nws los mus txiav txim qhov teeb meem ntawm nws muaj zog mus rau plead.
7. On 31 Lub yim hli ntuj 2001 lub Tribunal muab ib daim ntawv qhia ntxiv hais tias nws tau txiav txim tias nws yog tsis zoo li hais tias tus liam ces ua haum rau plead tsis pub dhau 12 lub hlis. Chaw pib, lub tsev hais plaub yeej yuav tsum tau mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb kev lub rooj sib hais raws li s 315.
Qhov tshwj xeeb kev mloog ob tog
8. Whilst lub yam kev cai ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act xav hais tias ib tug tshwj xeeb kev mloog ob tog yog ib tug "sim", nws tsis yog ib qho sim nyob rau hauv lub siab niaj zaus ntawm ib tug txheej txhem nyob rau hauv uas liam yog raug siab xyuas yuav tsum tau txim thiab punished rau ib qho kev ua txhaum yog hais tias txhaum yog qhov tseeb tshaj tsim nyog nrog. Nyob rau hauv ib lub rooj sib hais ntawm nov li lub liam yuav tsum tau pom tsis tau ua txhaum yog hais tias lub tsev hais plaub yog tsis txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias liam "cog lub ua uas tshwm sim tawm qhov ua txhaum them". Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsis raug txim txawm yog hais tias lub tsev hais plaub yog txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias liam cog lus cov ua. Saib s 317 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act. Tej yam xws li ib tug nrhiav yog raug xa mus rau hauv lub headings mus rau yam seem ntawm cov teeb meem txhaum cai Act, kuv tsis nyob rau hauv txoj cai tiag tiag cov kev cai, raws li ib tug "uas tsis yog-acquittal". Uas nrhiav tau ntawm qhov uas tsis qhia tau qhov liam rau txim rau tus txhaum nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug tab sis txhob invoke cov kev cai ntawm subs 319 (2), uas yuav tsum tau lub Tsev Hais Plaub kom thiaj li hais tias tus liam yuav detained nyob rau hauv saib xyuas txog thaum lub Mental Health Tribunal xaj pub kom tshwj tsis yog tias, "nyob rau hauv xaiv ntawm cov txheej xwm rau txim nyob rau hauv s 308" nws yog txaus siab rau tias nws yog ntau tshaj uas tsim nyog kom tau tias tus liam xa nws tus kheej los yog nws tus kheej mus rau lub ciaj ciam ntawm lub Tribunal kom nws los ua ib tug puas siab puas ntsws noj qab haus huv thiaj li raws mus rau Mental Health Act . Nyob rau hauv essence, tus lwm txoj kev mus rau acquittal yog ib tug uas nrhiav kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tsis yog tus twg raug ntes raug tsis rau txim tab sis invokes ib txoj cai tsoom fwv npaj kom paub meej qhov kev kho mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm tus liam thiab tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub zej zog.
9. Lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais uas muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb yog yuav tsum tau ua yog kav los ntawm s 316 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act uas muab kev pab, faus alia, hais tias, kev kawm mus rau lwm yam kev cai ntawm uas seem, lub Tsev Hais Plaub yuav tsum tau kev lub rooj sib hais raws li tau ze li sai tau raws li yog hais tias nws kuj muaj ib tug dog dig txhaum txheej txhem. Qhov seem tseem muab hais tias, tshwj tsis yog tias lub tsev hais plaub xaj lwm yam, lub liam yog muaj kev cai lij choj sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais. Qhov txiav txim ntawm unfitness rau plead tsis yog yuav tsum tau ua raws li ib tug impediment li sawv cev thiab liam yog yuav tau npaum li cas kom tau pleaded tsis ua txhaum nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm txhua tus ua txhaum them.
10. Subs 316 (2) muab kev pab uas ib tug tshwj xeeb lub rooj sib hais yuav tsum yog ib tug sim los ntawm pawg neeg pab txiav txim tshwj tsis yog tias:
* Lub liam ua rau ib qho kev xaiv tsa rau sim los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg ua ntej lub tsev hais plaub thawj zaug kho ib hnub rau lub rooj sib hais thiab lub tsev hais plaub yog txaus siab hais tias nws los yog nws peev xwm ntawm kev xws li ib qho kev xaiv tsa; los yog
* Yog tias lub tsev hais plaub yog txaus siab tias liam yog incapable ntawm ua xws li ib qho kev xaiv tsa, tus neeg saib xyuas tej yam ceeb toom lub tsev hais plaub hais tias, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, xws li ib tug mus sib yuav nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev txaus siab ntawm tus liam, los yog ib tus neeg saib xyuas taw los ntawm tus Saibxyuas Tribunal nyob rau hauv lub Saibxyuas thiab Tswj ntawm Khoom Act 1991 (lub "Saibxyuas Act") nrog lub hwj chim ua kev xaiv tsa ib tug rau sim los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg tau nyaij los mus ua li ntawd.
11. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no, ib tus neeg saib xyuas taw nyob rau hauv lub Saibxyuas Act nrog requisite hwj chim ua kev xaiv tsa ib tug rau liam yuav tsum tau sim los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg xwb.
12. Nyob rau hauv view ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau hais tias mus sib yuav ua raws li ze li sai tau raws li yog hais tias nws kuj yog ib tug dog dig txhaum txheej txhem, kuv ki uake kom muaj hais txog qhov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm s 68C ntawm lub Supreme Court Act 1933. Uas seem yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nram qab no:
(1) Ib tug kws txiav txim plaub uas sim txhaum Hais Plaub yam uas tsis muaj ib pawg neeg pab txiav txim tej zaum yuav ua rau tej yam uas yuav nrhiav tau los ntawm ib tug pawg neeg pab txiav txim raws li mus rau qhov txhaum ntawm liam tus neeg thiab tej yam xws li nrhiav muaj, rau tag nrho cov hom phiaj, tib lub siv raws li qhov verdict ntawm pawg neeg pab txiav txim.
(2) Cov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv txhaum Hais Plaub sim los ntawm ib tug kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg yuav tsum muaj xws li cov tswj ntawm txoj cai siv los ntawm cov kws txiav txim plaub thiab cov uas nrhiav tau ntawm qhov tseeb uas kws txiav txim plaub cia siab rau.
(3) Nyob rau hauv lub txhaum Hais Plaub sim los ntawm ib tug kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg xwb, yog hais tias ib tug raws li txoj cai ntawm ib ncig xav pub kom yuav tsum tau ib tug ceeb toom yuav tsum muab rau ib pawg neeg pab txiav txim nyob rau hauv xws Hais Plaub, kws txiav txim plaub yuav siv lub ceeb toom mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv xav tias yuav nws los yog nws verdict.
13. Nyob rau hauv dog dig txhaum plaub ntug, seb puas los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub thiab pawg neeg pab txiav txim los yog los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg, lub liam muaj cai mus rau presumption ntawm innocence, lub Crown Dais tus tsim txom ntawm proving txhua tus ntawm tseem ceeb heev rau ntawm txhua qhov nqi them rau tus qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yog pov thawj tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog . Lub verdict yuav tsum tau txiav txim los ntawm ib hom reference rau cov pov thawj kom txais nyob rau hauv lub sim los yog teeb meem ntawm cov kev paub uas tej zaum yuav raug npaum li cas mus rau hauv tus account by virtue ntawm s 144 ntawm lub Pov thawj Act 1995 (Cth).
14. Nyob rau hauv Kev Hais Plaub tshwj xeeb ntawm no qhov kev xeem posited by s 317 yog seb lub Tsev Hais Plaub yog txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias liam "cog lub ua uas tshwm sim tawm qhov ua txhaum them". Txawm li ntawd los, nyob rau hauv R v Morris [2002] ACTSC 12 (unreported, Crispin J, 15 Lub peb hlis ntuj 2002) kuv tuav tias qhov no yuav tsum tau kev lub Crown los ua pov thawj tag nrho cov tseem ceeb heev rau ntawm qhov ua txhaum, xav tiv thaiv ntawm kev puas hlwb los yog puas diminished lub luag hauj lwm tsis yuav tsa. Rau qhov yog vim li cas ces muab, kuv nyob twj ywm ntawm hais tias saib.
15. Tus liam twb tsis hais kom plead rau nqi tiam sis twb npaum li cas los mus muaj pleaded tsis txhaum los ntawm yog vim li cas ntawm s 316 (8) ntawm teeb meem txhaum cai Act.
16. Nyob rau hauv lub commencement ntawm lub rooj sib hais, koj Everson sawv cev ntawm lub liam nrhiav kom notionally "sever" lub suav rau hauv ntau indictments thiaj li hais tias cov pov thawj raws li mus rau tej yam uas ib yam ntawm cov liam txhaum yuav tsis muaj los pab lub Crown rooj plaub on lwm yam. Nws tau nws meej tias nws tsis nrhiav kom muaj tej yam ntawm tus nqi hnov ​​cais thiab, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, kev txhawb lub Proposition tias lawv yuav tsum tau sim ua ke. Nws kawg muaj pov thawj tsis tseem ceeb rau txoj cai no qhov teeb meem vim hais tias cov Crown qhia hais tias nws yuav tsis tsum contending tias txhua yam ntawm tus pov thawj yuav tau siv nyob rau hauv uas raws thiab nyob rau hauv view ntawm uas hais txog koj Everson tsis nias qhov teeb meem.
17. Tus liam tsis muab pov thawj. Tsis muaj cov nyom inference yuav tsum tau, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsum tau kos tawm tsam nws los ntawm yog vim li cas nws tsis ua li ntawd. Qhov no tsis yog ib rooj plaub raws li nyob rau hauv Weissensteiner v Tus huab tais [1993] HCA 65; (1993) 178 CLR 217 nyob rau hauv uas Thaj incriminating pov thawj tej zaum yuav muaj peev xwm ntawm ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm tso tawm ntxiv qhov tseeb paub xwb mus rau liam. Saib kuj Azzopardi v Tus huab tais (2001) 205 CLR 50. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev tshwm sim, qhov no tus yuav tsis tau, nyob rau hauv kuv lub tswv yim, muaj tej daim ntawv thov mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb kev mloog ob tog ntawm cov nqi tawm tsam ib tug liam pom unfit rau plead.
18. Txuas ntxiv mus, Kuv xav tias muaj ib tug xav tau tshwj xeeb ceeb toom nyob rau hauv scrutinizing lub pov thawj adduced tawm tsam ib tug liam tus neeg uas tau pom unfit rau plead thiab nws disordered los yog impaired puas siab puas ntsws tej zaum yuav muaj kev zoo deprived nws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm muab pov thawj nyob rau hauv nws los yog tiv thaiv nws tus kheej. Qhov xav tau rau xws li kev kho mob yog tshwj xeeb yog tam sim no pom tseeb nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub. Koj Everson qhia kuv tias liam wished kom muab pov thawj tab sis yuav tsis pub kom ua li ntawd vim nws tus neeg saib xyuas tau txais koj lub tswv yim hais tias Everson xws li ib hoob yuav tsis yuav nyob rau hauv nws zoo tshaj plaws kev txaus siab. Kuv tsis muaj nrog no hais tias muab tswv yim twb conscientiously muab thiab uas nws raws li ib tug kom kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus yuav muaj peev xwm ntawm tus liam muab siv tau ua pov thawj nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv thiab risks hais tias tej zaum yuav tsum tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nws sim ua li ntawd. Sib npaug, kuv muaj tsis muaj yog vim li cas mus nrog hais tias nws tsim nyog rau nws tus neeg saib xyuas los mus txais tau tias muab tswv yim. Nonetheless, nyob rau hauv soj ntsuam lub zog ntawm Crown rooj plaub, Kuv xav tias nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum Tshaj Ras txog cov kev pheej hmoo tias txhua txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus liam tej zaum yuav tau raug prejudiced los ntawm nws tsis muaj peev xwm mus muab tau muaj feem exculpatory pov thawj.
19. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no ib tsab ntawv los ntawm lub liam mas tendered yam tsis tau tawm tsam tab sis nws tsis purport qhov twg los tau ntawm cov teeb meem tsa nyob rau hauv relation mus rau txhaum them.
Qhov ntawm txhaum them
20. Tag nrho cov txhaum them koom nrog rau lus sib liam ntawm quab yuam thiab ob tug muab kev koom tes ntxiv allegation tias quab yuam occasioned tiag tiag bodily raug mob.
21. Ib qho kev ua txhaum ntawm quab yuam yog constituted los ntawm tej yam li txoj cai cog lus txhob txwm, los yog tau recklessly, uas ua rau lwm tus neeg mus rau apprehend kiag tam sim thiab unlawful kev nruj kev tsiv. Yog hais tias dag zog yuam yog tiag thov, txawm tias unlawfully los yog yam uas tsis tau kev tso cai los ntawm tus neeg, ces ib tug roj teeb cog lus. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm tej yam xws li daim ntawv thov dag zog yuam, muaj yuav tsum yog ib co hem li txoj cai txaus mus nce nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm tus neeg ua ib qho kev ntshai los yog apprehension ntawm kev ua phem tam sim ntawd. Saib, piv txwv li, R v Knight (1988) 35 Ib tug Crim R 314. Chaw pib, rov qab mus rau cov lus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv s 317 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act, qhov tseeb yuav tshwm sim tawm ib qho kev ua txhaum ntawm quab yuam nkaus xwb yog hais tias lawv encompass cov kawm.
22. Los tsim ib qho kev ua txhaum ntawm quab yuam occasioning tiag tiag bodily ua mob lub Crown yuav tsum ua pov thawj tias tus liam assaulted qhov liam tus neeg raug mob thiab uas raws li ib tug rau txim ntawm tus quab yuam tus neeg pab tiag tiag bodily raug mob. Nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau qhia tias lub liam npaj injure tus neeg. Saib R v Williams (1990) 50 Ib tug Crim R 213; Coulter v Tus huab tais (1988) 164 CLR 350. Chaw pib, qhov tseeb yuav tshwm sim tawm ib qho kev ua txhaum ntawm quab yuam occasioning tiag tiag bodily raug mob tsuas yog hais tias lawv koom nrog rau cov ntawm ib qho kev ua txhaum ntawm quab yuam thiab ntxiv mus rau cov kawm ntxiv.
23. Lo lus "tiag tiag bodily raug mob" txhais tau hais tias tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib co bodily raug mob. Cov kev raug mob xav tau yuav tsis yog tus twg mus tas li tsis loj heev. Ib tug me me bruise, abrasion los yog kos yog txaus thiab nws tau muaj hais tias txawm yog ib tug "hysterical los yog poob siab mob" tej zaum yuav poob rau hauv kev piav qhia. Saib R v Miller (1954) 2 QB 282; R v Chan-Fook [1993] EWCA Crim 1; [1994] 2 Tag nrho cov ER 552.
Nws tus kheej tiv thaiv
24. Raws li kuv tau hais, rau lo lus nug ntawm seb lub liam "cog lub ua constituting qhov ua txhaum them" tsis koom nrog rau tej yam uas tiv thaiv ntawm kev puas hlwb los yog puas diminished lub luag hauj lwm. Lub Tsev Hais Plaub yog, li cas los xij, obliged mus xav txog tej yam teeb meem ntawm tus kheej tiv thaiv uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv relation mus rau tej yam xws li them nyiaj.
25. Txawm hais tias nquag raug xa mus rau ib tug tiv thaiv, qhov tseeb txoj hauj lwm yog hais tias ib zaug lub pov thawj discloses tau hais tias yam li txoj cai twb ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv, ib tug tsim txom ntog thaum tus Crown los ua pov thawj lub tsis tooj. Saib Zecevic v DPP (1987) 162 CLR 642 ntawm 657. Nyob rau hauv R v B (1992) 35 FCR 259 lub Tag nrho cov Tsev Hais Plaub ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Tsev Hais Plaub ntawm teb chaws Australia muaj uas ib rooj plaub tej zaum yuav tsis raug rho los ntawm ib pawg neeg pab txiav txim raws hais tias Crown rooj plaub tsis tau negated tus kheej tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los, hais tias kev txiav txim siab hais mus rau tau raug raws li ntau heev thaum tus hais tias tej lo lus nug ntawm seb puas muaj ib tug prima facie cov ntaub ntawv tau raug tsim los yuav tsum tau txiav txim nkaus xwb los ntawm reference rau cov pov thawj favoring lub Crown. Chaw pib, rau lub hom phiaj no, tej yam pov thawj ntawm tus kheej yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv disregarded. Qhov kev txiav txim siab kuj muaj raws li kev soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv Zecevic hais tias cov teeb meem ntawm tus kheej tiv thaiv koj cov teeb meem rau ib pawg neeg pab txiav txim los mus txiav txim. Nws tsis tau txhais hais tias Crown yog relieved ntawm tsim txom los ntawm ntawv pov thawj thiab tsis muab tej yam hauv paus rau cov tawm tswv yim tias "ua constituting" ib tug ua txhaum ntawm quab yuam yuav raug tsim muaj yam uas tsis muaj reference mus rau qhov teeb meem. Daim ntawv thov dag zog yuam yuav tshwm sim tawm ib tug quab yuam nkaus xwb yog hais tias nws yog unlawful. Chaw pib, tsis yog tus twg ib tug kws phais neeg uas nqa tawm ib qho hauj lwm nrog paub kev tso cai ntawm nws los yog nws tus neeg mob, tsis yog ib tug tub ceev xwm tus tub ceev xwm uas siv ib tug ntsuas dag zog yuam reasonably tsim nyog los siv lub ntes ntawm ib tug neeg ua txhaum yuav hais rau yuav txhaum ntawm ib tug quab yuam. Zoo sib xws, ua kom yog ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv tsis tau raws li ib qho kev quab yuam vim hais tias xws li ua tsis unlawful.
26. Yog hais tias yus tus kheej-kev tiv thaiv yog tsa, lub Crown Dais tus tsim txom ntawm proving hais tias nyob rau lub sij hawm yam txawm tias lub liam tsis ntseeg hais tias nws los yog nws ua twb tsim nyog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los yog nws tus kheej, los yog hais tias muaj tsis muaj tsim nyog thaj av rau xws li ib kev ntseeg. Saib Zecevic v DPP ntawm 661. Tus qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yog dua pov thawj tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog.
27. Cov thawj ntawm cov propositions obviously muaj ib tug txhob txwm los ntawn tus kheej kev soj ntsuam: tau lub Crown tsim tias liam tsis muaj xws li ib tug kev ntseeg. Txawm li cas los, txawm tus yav tas Proposition tsis koom nrog rau ib tug wholly lub hom phiaj kev xeem. Saib Viro v R [1978] HCA 9; (1978) 141 CLR 88 ntawm 146-147; Zecevic v DPP ntawm 656-657. Lub Crown tsis tau pov thawj tias muaj tsis muaj tsim nyog thaj av rau xws li ib tug kev ntseeg yuav luag los ntawm ua qauv qhia tias ib tug neeg uas nws puas siab puas ntsws kev tsis disordered los yog impaired yuav tsis muaj tsim xws li ib tug kev ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv R v Hawes (1994) 35 NSWLR 294 Hunt CJ ntawm CL piav qhia txog, nyob rau ntawm 305, tias nws yog "kev ntseeg ntawm tus liam, raws li qhov kev tshwm sim raws li qhov liam ntaus nqi rau lawv mus rau yuav, uas muaj yuav tsim nyog, thiab tsis tau hais tias ntawm hypothetical uas tsim nyog tus neeg uas nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub liam ".
28. Cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm tej yam teeb meem ntawm tus kheej tiv thaiv koj muaj kev nyuab qhov twg ib tug liam mas kev txom nyem los ntawm tseem ceeb puas siab puas ntsws los yog puas txo lub hlwb muaj mob thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub liam ua txhaum. Tus Tshiab South Wales Tsev Hais Plaub ntawm criminal Thov suav tias yog qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv Kurtic (1996) 85 Ib tug Crim R 57, ib tug nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas muaj pov thawj lawm tias appellant txom nyem los ntawm "ib persecutory paranoid delusional co kev ntseeg". Lub Tsev Hais Plaub affirmed hais tias qhov kev xeem uas yuav tsum tau mus thov nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim seb tus Crown tau qhov tseeb hais tias muaj lawm tsis tsim nyog thaj av rau requisite kev ntseeg, whilst tsis wholly lub hom phiaj, yuav tsum Cuaj kaum yuav muaj tsawg kawg yog ib nrab lub hom phiaj. Hunt CJ nyob rau hauv CL rov muab ib co kev tshab txhais txog ntawm no tus nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no tso cai, nyob rau ntawm 64:
Txawm siv ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej mus rau lub liam tej zaum yuav muaj thaum nws xaav ntawm ib co kev txiav txim raws li ib tug kev hem thawj uas nws ntsib los yog thaum tus reasonableness ntawm nws teb li cas nws ntaus nqi mus yuav ib tug txaus ntshai, muaj yuav tsum tau, nyob rau hauv kuv view, yuav muaj ib tug uas tsim nyog tau hais tias muaj tsawg kawg yog ib co kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb coj qhov chaw uas tej zaum yuav ua tau raws li ib tug mistaken kev hem thawj los yog txaus ntshai rau tus liam ua ntej tej kev txiav txim siab tau txog qhov tau hais tias nws to taub hais tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm raug cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kheej hais tias yam ntxwv.
29. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no, lub Crown sib cav hais tias nws yuav tsis tsim nyog ua rau tej yam xav hais tias tej zaum yuav liam tau ntseeg hais tias muaj ib tug xav tau los mus tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm ib co quab yuam los yog ntaus nqi ua quab yuam hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm tej yam pov thawj ntawm ib tug xws li kev ntseeg los yog ntawm qhov tseeb thiab txoj kev tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho uas tsim nyog tus neeg uas nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm tej zaum yuav muaj xws li ib tug tsim kev ntseeg. Nws yog qhov tseeb hais tias tsis muaj ib qho pov thawj raws li mus rau qhov ncaj heev ntawm kev puas hlwb los ntawm kev xiam oob khab uas liam suffers, lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv uas nws sawv, los yog raws li, yog tias muaj, uas tej zaum nws yuav muaj distorted los yog los nws to taub ntawm ib co los sis tag nrho cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug.
30. Txawm li cas los, raws li kuv tau hais, ib tug liam rau tus neeg tsis dais tus tsim txom ntawm proving tias nws ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv. Yog hais tias qhov teeb meem tau raug kom tsa, lub Crown Dais tus tsim txom ntawm proving tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias kev ua ntawm lub liam tsis nqa tawm nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv xaiv seb tus Crown tau discharged uas tsim txom los ntawm ntawv pov thawj, lub Tsev Hais Plaub yuav tsum tau obviously xav txog tag nrho cov pov thawj ntawm qhov tseeb thiab txoj kev tshwm sim tias tej zaum yuav yog yam mus rau hais tias qhov teeb meem. Tam sim no Hais Plaub yog predicated thaum ib tug txiav txim los ntawm Mental Health Tribunal tias liam yog unfit rau plead mus rau nqi thiab yog tsis zoo li los ua kom haum plead tsis pub dhau 12 lub hlis. Txuas ntxiv mus, muaj pov thawj ntawm nws behaving nyob rau hauv ib Thaj irrational yam sai li sai tau ua ntej ib co ntawm qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug. Li, nws yuav tsis tsim nyog rau txoj no qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv xav tias tej zaum tswv yim xyuam xim muab kos tawm tsam nws txoj kev tshwm sim los ntawm qhov xav tias yuav ntawm tej yam xwm txheej tsis muaj hais txog rau tau hais tias nws to taub tej zaum yuav tau los los ntawm disordered los yog puas siab puas ntsws impaired kev.
Tus liam quab yuam on koj Stephens
31. Lub Crown tau tsis txhob ua tej yam ua pov thawj nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug ntawm no them nyiaj thiab liam yuav tsum obviously yuav pom tsis tau ua txhaum los ntawm qhov ua txhaum.
Tus liam quab yuam on koj Brown
32. On 11 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2000 nyob rau hauv txog 10.00 am, koj Brown, uas yog ib tug tub ceev xwm kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv lub National University of Australian, tau txais ib tug hu nws lub xov tooj cua, raws li ib tug rau txim uas nws mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Pro-lwm Chancellor, xib fwb Burgess. Nws pom xib fwb Burgess qab nws lub rooj thiab liam sawv nyob rau hauv lub chav tuav ib khob thiab saucer. Koj Brown nug nws tawm thiab liam yuav, "kuv tsis tau tiav lawm kuv kasfes tsis tau". Koj Brown hais tias nws xav lub liam tawm. Tus liam ces sab laug lub chaw ua hauj lwm, mus kev mus rau lub staircase thiab proceeded taug kev li tus ntaiv los ntawm ob mus rau peb hauv pem teb. Koj Brown hais rau nws kom tsis txhob mus muaj thiab, thaum lub liam txuas ntxiv, pib mus ua raws li nws. Tus liam tsoo rau hauv ib tug khiav thiab ntaus lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lwm Chancellor tus secretary on thib peb hauv pem teb. Tus secretary, MS Lindsay, nug nws tawm. Koj Brown ces ntaus lub chaw ua hauj lwm thiab txav mus zeb qhov liam uas tau nws rov qab mus rau nws thiab hais tias, "Kuv xav kom koj tawm tam sim no". Tus liam Thaj coj tsis muaj daim ntawv ceeb toom. Koj Brown ces muab nws rau sab laug tes sab xis txhais caj npab ntawm liam thiab hais tias, "Kuv xav kom koj tawm tam sim no". Thaum nug dab tsi tshwm sim tom ntej no, koj Brown hais tias nws tsis paub yuav ua li cas nws tshwm sim, tiam sis nws hais tias "tau txais kasfes nyob rau hauv [nws] lub ntsej muag thiab cia lub sab pem hauv ntej ntawm [nws khaub ncaws], ces [nws] hnov ​​ib khob thiab saucer poob thiab ces [lub liam] tig ib ncig thiab slammed [nws] mus tawm tsam ntawm phab ntsa "by thawb nws nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab nrog nws qhib ob txhais tes. Koj Brown hais tias nws "poob rov qab tawm tsam lub phab ntsa thiab ces ntsoov qhov mob nyob rau hauv [nws] groin".
33. Nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam koj Brown tau pom zoo tias thaum noj tuav ntawm liam txoj cai Upper caj npab nws said "kuv mus muaj noj koj tawm, muab qhov kasfes down". Nws conceded uas on lwm yam sij hawm nws hnov ​​tus qhia "noj koj tawm" siv nyob rau hauv ib yam kev sinister connotations tiam sis hais tias nws tsuas yog meant rau convey nws hom phiaj ntawm noj liam tawm ntawm lub tsev. Nws kuj conceded tias nws tau sawv nruab nrab ntawm lub liam thiab tsuas tawm tau qhov kev muaj, thiaj li hais tias tus liam ces twb tig rov qab rau nws thiaj li tawm.
34. Thaum nws muab rau koj Brown tias liam tau ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv koj, nws tsis wholly dismiss lub tswv yim. Nws hais tias "zoo yog hais tias nws ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv nws - nws coj nws - nws exaggerated [sic], nws coj nws dhau lawm deb vim hais tias nws tsis tsim nyog rau nws mus li nws puas tau yog hais tias nws siv ib tug rau tus kheej-tiv thaiv ".
35. Koj Brown lub pov thawj twb corroborated ib txhia raws li ntawm hais tias ntawm ib khub kev ruaj ntseg tub ceev xwm, koj Gumm. Nws hais tias nws twb tos nyob sab nraum xib fwb Burgess 'chaw ua hauj lwm whilst koj Brown mus rau hauv. Thaum lub liam sawv los ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm nrog nws khob thiab saucer thiab muab mus upstairs, koj Brown ua raws li nws tab sis koj Gumm mus rau rov qab kawg ntawm tus hauv pem teb uas yuav tau siv lwm co ntaiv. Nws hais tias thaum nws tau txais mus rau sab saum toj ntawm lub ntaiv nws yuav hnov ​​nrov nrov suab thiab ib lub suab nrov zoo li crockery ua txwab thiab, raws li nws txav mus zeb lub chaw ua hauj lwm, nws ces hnov ​​koj Brown hais tias "kuv twb assaulted". Nws ua raws li qhov liam cia tus ntaiv. Tom qab ntawd thaum koj Brown tuaj tawm ntawm lub tsev koj Gumm pom hais tias nws twb pib stoop thiab deduced hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov mob. Nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam nws tau pom zoo hais tias nws yeej tsis qhia tej yam kasfes on koj Brown lub tsho los yog lwm yam txawv txawv txog nws khaub ncaws.
36. Koj Brown lub account ntawm qhov teeb meem twb ntseeg tau kev txhawb los ntawm MS Lindsay, leej twg ces Manager ntawm Executive Kev them nyiaj yug nyob rau hauv lub National University of Australian. Nws hais tias tus liam tuaj rau hauv lwm Chancellor lub chaw ua haujlwm "xwb ceev ceev" thiab hais tias muaj ib khob thiab saucer nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes nrog kasfes spilling los ntawm nws. Koj Brown tsis deb qab nws. Ms Lindsay hu tawm mus noj lub khob thiab saucer los ntawm liam thiab koj Brown "tsi kov" nws txhais caj npab sab xis. Tus liam cuam lub khob thiab saucer tshaj nws txoj cai yuav nyob rau hauv koj lub Brown kev coj. Koj Brown ducked, lub khob thiab saucer hit phab ntsa thiab "kasfes mus txhua txhia qhov chaw". Nws ces hais tias "tsi instantaneously [lub liam] tsi muab ib ncig tsi mus rau nws niam nws txiv txoj cai thiab cia li coj nws mus rau sab laug hauv caug tsi mus rau hauv [koj lub Brown] tsi groin cheeb tsam thiab [koj Brown] mus down".
37. Nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam MS Lindsay tau pom zoo hais tias lub liam ces txwab lub khob thiab saucer raws li ib tug tam sim ntawd ras txog rau "ua grabbed" thiab hais tias nws twb muab "nyob rau tib khiav". Nws tau pom zoo hais tias nws kuj yuav tsis muaj hauv caug mus ncig ntau tshaj 12 ntiv ntawm ib feem ntsug txoj hauj lwm ua ntej yuav hu rau koj lub Brown groin thiab piav qhia hais tias nws yeej tsis xav tau mus deb heev vim hais tias koj Brown twb nyom cia kom tsis txhob muaj lub khob. Nws hais tias tus li txoj cai lawm "yog ib tug heev taw txav" thiab hais tias nws twb tau "heev pom tseeb yog dab tsi [lub liam] twb sim ua".
38. Kuv txais tias qhov teeb meem tshwm sim ntau heev li koj Brown thiab MS Lindsay tau piav thiab hais tias liam tsav nws hauv caug mus rau hauv koj lub Brown groin txhob txwm. Nws yog qhov tseeb hais tias koj Brown twb sawv nruab nrab ntawm lub liam thiab xwb doorway los ntawm kev uas nws yuav tau sab laug, thiab kuv tau suav hais tias yog tau los ntawm ib qho kev accidental feem raws li nws nqa nws hauv caug yuav pib khiav tam sim ntawd. Ms Lindsay kom meej meej deduced hais tias li txoj cai twb nqa tawm txhob txwm tiam sis yog ib tug uas tsis yog-kws lub tswv yim raws li tau mus rau lub hom phiaj pom meej ntawm ib tug neeg Thaj kev txom nyem los ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb puas siab puas ntsws tsis ua hauj lwm, txawm yog hais tias adduced yam uas tsis tawm tsam, yuav obviously muab me ntsis, yog hais tias muaj ib qho, qhov ceeb thawj. Txawm li ntawd los, nws nkawd yeej tsis zoo li hais tias nws hauv caug yuav tau tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog koj Brown lub groin accidentally yog hais tias tus liam ces yuav luag npaj flee. Txuas ntxiv mus, qhov ntawm qhov teeb meem piav los ntawm MS Lindsay ntseeg tau pom zoo hais tias liam mas ntxhoov heev nyob hauv tsev ib tug quab yuam thiab kuv kam txais koj Brown lub pov thawj tias feem rau nws tus groin tshwm sim nkaus xwb tom qab nws poob rov qab tawm tsam lub phab ntsa.
39. Qhov teeb meem ntawm tus kheej tiv thaiv koj qhib pib ntau dua nyuaj. Raws li yav tas hais, ib zaug qhov teeb meem yog tsa, nws yog incumbent thaum tus Crown ua pov thawj tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias liam tsis ntseeg hais tias nws yog reasonably tsim nyog rau nws ua raws li nws tau ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv los yog hais tias muaj tsis muaj tsim nyog thaj av rau xws li ib tug kev ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv xav tias yuav tau cov no tej teeb meem, nws yuav tsum tau nco txog hais tias ua ntej yuav mus no qhov teeb meem lub liam tau zoo chased li ntaiv los ntawm koj Brown thiab hais tias koj Gumm tau ploj mus rau qhov lwm yam set ntawm ntaiv obviously nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm txiav tawm nws khiav dim. Thaum nws ntaus tus lwm Chancellor lub chaw ua hauj lwm koj Brown tuaj nyob rau hauv qab nws thiab, raws li ib tug rau txim, mas nyob nruab nrab ntawm tus liam thiab tsuas tawm tau qhov kev. Ms Lindsay ces hu rau nws thiab yuav luag tib lub sij hawm koj Brown, uas yog tom qab lub liam, hais tias nws twb mus muaj "coj nws tawm" thiab ces coj tuav ntawm nws txhais caj npab.
40. Kuv tsis muaj nrog tus neeg uas ib txwm hais tias tej yam nyob rau hauv uas txoj hauj lwm yuav tau to taub hais tias nws tau raug dua hais kom tawm, twb tsis muaj txoj cai nyob twj ywm, thiab tau npaum li cas los ntawm txhais caj npab rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv escorted los ntawm lub tsev. Muaj ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv tus account ntawm tej yam ntawm tus neeg ua pov thawj uas yuav reasonably tau coj xws li ib tug neeg los mus ntshai ib tsausmuag quab yuam los yog evoke ib tug kev ntseeg tias nws yuav tsum tau rau nws thawb koj Brown, cia nyob ib leeg tsav tsheb nws hauv caug mus rau hauv koj Brown lub groin, nyob rau hauv kom mus tiv thaiv nws tus kheej. Txawm li ntawd los, lub liam tsis tau ib tug qub tus neeg tab sis ib tug neeg nrog significantly disordered los yog puas siab puas ntsws impaired kev. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom yuav txaus siab mus rau lub requisite tus qauv uas nws tsis muaj xws li ib tug kev ntseeg. Nws tseem yog tsis yooj yim sua los mus txiav txim nrog rau ntseeg siab li nws to taub ntawm qhov teeb meem tej zaum yuav tau thiab chaw pib yuav txaus siab rau hais tias, nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm cov to taub, xws li ib tug kev ntseeg tsis tsim nyog. Kuv am mindful ntawm view qhia nyob rau hauv Kurtic tias ib co kev txiav txim yuav tsum muaj npaum li cas qhov chaw uas tej zaum yuav ua tau raws li ib tug mistaken kev hem thawj los yog txaus ntshai rau tus liam tab sis, nyob rau hauv kuv lub tswv yim, lub txoj kev tshwm sim uas kuv tau xa mus qha ib ke ntawm txheej xwm txaus los mus nce xws li ib tug tau ua yuam kev los ntawm lub liam.
41. Tej zaum nws yuav kuj yuav tseem ceeb uas koj Brown tsis wholly xyeej lub tswv yim ntawm nws tus kheej-kev tiv thaiv tiam sis protested tsuas yog hais tias, yog hais tias tus liam tau ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv, nws siv ntau dag zog yuam. Ntawm hoob no nws yog ib qhov nkaus tau hais tias koj Brown tus cov lus teb yeej attributable mus yoob txog lub tswvyim ntawm nws tus kheej tiv thaiv los yog tias nws muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau kom hais tias nws tsis tseem ceeb los mus xav txog qhov teeb meem txij li thaum, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, tej yam xws li thov nyiaj yuav tau untenable by yog vim li cas ntawm lub liam disproportionate qhov ntawm kev nruj kev tsiv. Whilst kuv ras ntawm no tau, kuv yuav tsum hais tias cov lus teb tsis wholly reassuring. Koj Brown mas tus neeg uas pib confronted lub liam, mus li tus ntaiv tom qab nws, raws li nws rau hauv lwm Chancellor lub chaw ua haujlwm, hais mus rau nws, coj nws txhais caj npab thiab txom nyem quab yuam tus them. Tseem, muaj li hais tias sib ze heev kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem, nws ciali unwilling rau dismiss tau tias liam tau ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv kuv ntawm tias reluctance, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj saib yuav ua li cas ib tug neeg uas tsis yog tam sim no yuav cais tau.
42. Lub contention tias liam siv dag zog yuam yuav tsum tau ntau judged by reference rau tau hais tias nws ntseeg li dag zog yuam yog tsim nyog thiab tau hais tias, muaj hais txog nws to taub ntawm koj lub Brown ua, muaj tsim nyog thaj av rau xws li kev ntseeg. Cov pov thawj tsis, nyob rau hauv kuv lub tswv yim, cais txawm tau.
43. Rau cov yog vim li cas, kuv tsis tau yuav txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias liam tsis tau ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv. Li, nws yuav tsum tau acquitted.
Tus liam quab yuam thaum MS McGee
44. Koj McKenzie muab pov thawj tias on 10 Lub ob hlis ntuj 2000 nyob rau hauv txog 12.40 pm nws yog nyob rau hauv nws lub chaw ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev nyob rau hauv NRMA Canberra thaum lub qhov rooj buzzer twb qhib kom ua huaj lwm thiab MS McGee, uas yog nws tus secretary, nias tso tawm khawm qhib lub qhov rooj. Nws tau ras los ntawm ib tug neeg taug kev raws ib cheeb tsam nyob ib sab mus rau nws lub chaw ua haujlwm tab sis pom hais tias nws lub liam tsuas yog thaum lub qhov rooj twb rub ajar. Koj McKenzie lawm nyob rau hauv xov tooj thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau feeb kom meej nyob rau hauv sib tham. Cov liam thiab MS McGee Thaj tsiv deb ntawm lub qhov rooj mus rau ib cheeb tsam nyob ib sab mus rau koj McKenzie lub chaw ua haujlwm qhov twg blinds tau rub cia kom txog duav qhov siab thiab nws muaj peev xwm mus saib xwb lawv ob txhais ceg. Nws hais tias tom ntej no ces nws kom meej meej nco txog yog "kev mloog ob tog [MS McGee] quaj qw tawm thiab [pom] nws ob txhais ceg ploj '. Nws hais tias nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm uas ob txhais ceg ntawm lub liam lawm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws.
45. Koj McKenzie said uas nws muab tso rau lub xov tooj cia thiab mus tawm ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm nrhiav qhov liam sawv tshaj MS McGee, uas yog nyob rau tag nrho cov fours thiab sim thawb nws tus kheej rov qab li whilst tus liam twb tuav nws cia nrog nws txhais tes rau saum nws xub pwg. Nws hais tias nws tuaj tom qab lub liam, "ces nws nyob rau hauv ib tug dais hug", rub nws tam sim ntawd thiab nug nws tawm hauv lub tsev. Tus liam ces hais mus rau koj McKenzie txog ib tug thov nyiaj rau ib tus nqi ntawm $ 70.000. Nws thiab ob lwm yam neeg ua hauj lwm escorted lub liam los ntawm lub tsev. Raws li lawv tau txais mus rau ntxees lub qhov rooj rau hauv av pem teb tus liam yus tuav ntawm koj McKenzie tus khi thiab hais rau nws hais tias nws sab laug nws coj iav upstairs thiab hais tias nws xav rov qab mus nyob rau hauv kom tau lawv. Koj McKenzie hais rau nws tias lawv yuav xa rov qab los ntawm tub ceev xwm. Koj McKenzie hais tias thaum nws rov upstairs nws pom hais tias MS McGee muaj ib tug txiav rau tus choj ntawm nws lub qhov ntswg thiab hais tias nws twb tsis hais txog ib tug mob caj dab. Duab depicting qhov kev raug mob mus rau nws lub qhov ntswg twb tendered nyob rau hauv cov pov thawj.
46. Ms McGee muab pov thawj hais tias nws nyob rau hauv koj lub chaw ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv McKenzie txog 12.40 pm on 10 Lub ob hlis ntuj 2000 thaum lub buzzer sounded thiab nws qhib kom ua huaj lwm tus mechanism qhib lub qhov rooj. Nws hais tias nws tau tias lub "txij nkawm tug txiv neej" thiab hais tias thaum nws pom lub liam nws tsiv ib ncig thiab kaw lub qhov rooj rau koj McKenzie lub chaw ua haujlwm. Tus liam tuaj nyob rau hauv, muab nws txhais tes rau ntawm lub rooj txais tos thiab nug nws seb nws paub uas nws. Nws hais tias, "muaj, Kuv ua tau". Nws ces said:
Nws ces tuaj rau kuv thiab nws tuaj sab xis mus txog - cai rau kuv thiab kuv muab kuv ob txhais tes thiab ces nws grabbed kuv npab thiab tom ntej no - kuv tsis nco qab dab tsi tab sis kuv nco ntsoov kuv mob, mob siab heev mob nyob rau hauv kuv lub ntsej muag ntaus lub hauv pem teb.
47. Thaum nug dab tsi tshwm sim tom qab nws nco ua nyob rau hauv pem teb, MS McGee hais tias nws nco txog "txawm crawling los yog hu rau ib tug neeg los ntawm lwm yam chaw ua hauj lwm thiab lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv" tab sis hais tias thaum nws woke li nws "tsis tau pom muaj leej twg". Nws tshwm sim tom qab uas nws twb los ntshav los ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam hais tias ib tug graze rau tus choj ntawm nws lub qhov ntswg ces Thaj tau tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug hlau piece ntawm nws coj iav txuas lub qhov muag pieces uas tau tawg. Nws kuj tau pom zoo hais tias nws yeej tsis tau punched nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg. Nws tau ib co lwm yam kev raug mob nrog rau ib tug txiav on nws txhais ceg thiab ib co bruising on nws caj npab. Nws hais tias nws twb tsis paub ntsoov mob thaum lub sij hawm lawv Thaj inflicted thiab hais tias nws twb pib cia li tau nyob rau hauv lub ceeb. Nws tswv yim hais tias lub tsev kho mob sau ntawv xa mus rau nws muaj tau punched nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg, tiam sis nws hais tias nws tsis nco qab puas tau ua ib daim ntawv qhia rau hais tias ua hauj lwm. Xav paub ntau ntxiv tseem ceeb, nws lees paus hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam tias nws twb yog ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm mus rov qab dab tsi tshwm sim tau nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub sij hawm uas tus liam txav mus zeb nws thiab lub sij hawm nws tas li tau tawm hauv pem teb.
48. Whilst kuv tsis muaj raws li nrog rau truthfulness ntawm MS McGee lub pov thawj, qhov no lacuna nyob rau hauv nws recollection ua rau nws tsis yooj yim sua rau kuv yuav txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog hais tias "ua constituting qhov ua txhaum them" tau tsim muaj. Ms McGee twb obviously frightened ntawm liam thiab hais tias nws twb muab nws ob txhais tes mus nrog nws qhib palms outward, obviously nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm fending tawm nws txoj. Nws muab pov thawj ntawm ib tug ua ntej qhov teeb meem raws li ib tug ntawm cov uas nws tau kom meej meej tau sab laug nrog txiav txim siab kev ntshai ntawm tus liam. Tseeb, on no caij nyoog thaum nws thawj zaug pom nws nws theem ntawm apprehension mas xws li hais tias nws tam sim ntawd said "ntsib tsis muaj!". Thaum nws tuaj muab pov thawj nws thiaj li frightened tias nws pom nws nyuaj hais lus thiab nws yog ib co sij hawm ua ntej nws muaj peev xwm nce txaus rau nws tus kheej tswj yuav swear ib oath. Tom qab ntawd, nws ua nws ntshiab uas nws pom nws nyuaj mus nrhiav nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm tus liam. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim nws yog ib qhov nyuaj heev kom cais tau hais tias nws tej zaum muaj fainted. Nws tseem nyuab cais tau hais tias nws tej zaum muaj tripped los yog pub kom poob accidentally, tej zaum raws li nws npaj qab deb ntawm tus liam. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev tshwm sim, nws yuav rov qab tsis muaj ntaus, thawb los yog lwm yam hostile li txoj cai nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm qhov liam uas tej zaum yuav muaj tshwm sim los nws mus poob rau hauv pem teb.
49. Koj McKenzie lub pov thawj ntawm pom MS McGee lub ob txhais ceg ploj whilst ob txhais ceg ntawm lub liam kuj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws yog sib npaug incapable ntawm proving tias nws poob mus rau hauv pem teb raws li ib tug ntawm ib tug quab yuam. Nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam nws pom zoo nrog qhov tswv yim uas nws pom nws "mus li nyob rau hauv cov huab cua" tab sis lub Upper ib feem ntawm nws lub cev tau obscured los ntawm nws view los ntawm venetian blinds thiab nws ciali mus tau lam xav hais tias nws twb ua li ntawd los ntawm lub fact tias nws ob txhais ceg abruptly xwb. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev tshwm sim, nws ua nws ntshiab uas nws hais tias tsis tau pom dab tsi tshwm sim los tej zaum yuav muaj xws li ib tug txav.
50. Nws yog qhov tseeb hais tias MS McGee muab pov thawj ntawm lub ntsiab liam nws caj npab, thiab hais tias qhov kev txiav txim nyob ib leeg tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug constituted quab yuam. Nws tseem yog muaj tseeb hais tias nws tau muab pov thawj ntawm muaj pab bruising rau nws npab nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm qhov chaw uas nws npaum li cas tuav ntawm lawv. Bruising yog, ntawm chav kawm, kom txaus kom tshwm sim tawm tiag tiag bodily raug mob. Txawm li cas los, nws yog incumbent thaum tus Crown los ua pov thawj tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias bodily raug mob twb occasioned los ntawm quab yuam. Yog hais tias, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, MS McGee poob accidentally los yog raws li ib tug ntawm fainting thiab liam npaj ntes nws caij nplooj ntoos zeeg by tuav on mus rau nws caj npab ces tej bruising yog li tshwm sim los tej zaum yuav tsis raug kev raws li muaj tau occasioned los ntawm ib tug quab yuam.
51. Nws tseem yog muaj tseeb hais tias koj McKenzie muab pov thawj ntawm pom qhov liam sim los tuav MS McGee sau raws li nws npaj sawv. Txawm li cas los, muaj tsis muaj pov thawj raws li seb nws npaj mus ua li ntawd vim hostility los yog vim hais tias nws muaj kev txhawj xeeb hais tias nws tej zaum yuav dizzy los yog unsteady on nws ob txhais taw yog hais tias nws twb pub rau sawv ntsug. Nyob rau hauv kev tshwm sim yav tas, tej bruising pab raws li ib tug los ntawm kev ua npaum li cas nyob rau hauv ib tug bona fide sim los mus tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tuaj ntxiv raug mob yuav tsis tsum kev raws li muaj tau occasioned los ntawm ib tug quab yuam.
52. Kuv yuav tsum tau confess rau txiav txim siab skepticism raws li mus rau tej yam no tau. Txawm li cas los, hais plaub ntug skepticism yog tsis txaus hloov rau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog. Kuv am tsis muaj cuab kav yuav tau txaus siab tias bruising tshwm sim los mus rau MS McGee lub caj npab los yog lwm yam kev raug mob uas nws pab thaum lub sij hawm hauv chav kawm ntawm qhov teeb meem raug occasioned los ntawm liam noj tuav ntawm nws caj npab nyob rau hauv raws kuv tau piav.
53. Tus qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yog ib tug heev stringent ib tug thiab, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev tshwm sim, kuv tsis muaj cuab kav yuav tau txaus siab hais tias lub pov thawj adduced los ntawm Crown tau txaus los tsim kom tau hais tias tus qauv lub Commission ntawm ua constituting qhov ua txhaum them.
54. Yog hais tias qhov no lawm ib tug dog dig sim nws yuav tau qhib rau Crown mus nrhiav ib lub txim txhaum rau ib tug ua txhaum ntawm cov quab yuam, txawm yog hais tias ua txhaum ces tsis tau them. Seem 49 ntawm teeb meem txhaum cai Act muab rau lwm txoj kev verdicts nyob rau hauv relation rau ntau stipulated txhaum thiab, nyob rau hauv kev, ua tom ib pawg neeg pab txiav txim uas yog tsis txaus siab rau qhov liam yog txhaum ntawm quab yuam occasioning tiag tiag bodily mob tau nrhiav tau liam ua txhaum los ntawm ib tug ua txhaum ntawm cov quab yuam. Txawm li ntawd los, lub hom lus ntawm lub seem tsis tshwm yuav siv mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb lub rooj sib hais ntawm no zoo vim hais tias raws li txoj cai tsis tso cai liam yuav tau pom ua txhaum ntawm tej yam ua txhaum.
55. Rau cov yog vim li cas lub liam yuav tsum tau acquitted ntawm no ua txhaum.
Tus liam quab yuam thaum koj kub
56. Koj kub yog ib tug ruaj ntseg tus neeg zov nrog Chubb Security uas twb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub National Archives lub tsev nyob rau hauv Parkes nyob rau hauv txog 2.40 pm on 10 Lub yim hli ntuj 2000 thaum nws pom lub liam nyob rau hauv lub lag luam los yog neeg tuaj xyuas chaw so rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev. Tus liam twb siv ib lub xov tooj. Koj kub txav mus zeb kom tsis pub dhau txog tsib nyob rau hauv metres kom ua ib tug zoo txog koj tus kheej ntawm nws, unsuccessfully npaj hu rau Security Manager, MS Wyatt, thiab ces ntse hu koj Daley rau leej twg nws tau piav raws li "Technological Manager". Ob MS Wyatt thiab koj Daley tom qab txav mus zeb koj kub thiab tom qab ib nyuag sib tham nws mus rau lwm cheeb tsam ntawm lub tsev mus rau "tug txiv neej" tus neeg tuaj saib 'txais tos lub rooj uas tus receptionist ces Thaj sab laug unattended. Lub rooj hais txog 30 meters deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawd nyob rau hauv uas tus liam twb sawv thiab, whilst ntawm ib co taw tes rau nws pom lub liam noj tuav ntawm koj lub Daley txog qhia kom paub tag, koj kub yeej tsis tau hnov ​​qhov sib tham ntawm lawv.
57. Koj kub ces pom lub liam taug kev sau qhov corridor rau nws. Cov liam muab tso rau ib tug "styrofoam" khob on ib yam khoom uas koj kub piav raws li ib tug "duav qhov siab cov" thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau nws ua ntej tig, tuaj tos lub khob thiab tig rov qab mus taug kev rov pib dua cia lub corridor rau nws. Koj kub hais tias thaum tus liam mas yog tsis pub dhau txog tsib meters ntawm nws lub liam ntsia thiab stared nyob rau ntawm nws ces, raws li nws mus kev rau nws, said "Ah, koj Chubb" thiab thrust tos ntsoov nws txoj cai los txhais caj npab. Koj kub hais tias nws ntaus los ntawm ib tug tshuaj yej hnab thiab hais tias cov kua los ntawm lub khob spilled tshaj nws.
58. Lub National Archives Building tau haum nrog video koob yees duab kev ruaj ntseg rau cov hom phiaj thiab koj kub yeej muaj peev xwm mus muab duab los ntawm ob ntawm video tapes uas qhia qhov liam pib nyob rau hauv lub chaw so cheeb tsam thiab tom qab cuag koj kub, Thaj nrog styrofoam khob. Tus tapes tsis sau cov liam ua tej yam mus rau koj kub nrog lub khob. Txawm li ntawd los, lub koob yees duab ces Thaj tau teem mus noj yees duab dluab ntawm peb ob ua mib ntsig thiab nws yog, no, nej ua tau tias liam puas yog li ntawd thaum lub sij hawm ib tug xws li caij nyoog. Lub videotape kuj lees paus hais tias raws li lub liam nws txav mus zeb, koj kub sawv thiab tsiv lawm ib kauj ruam mus rau nws sab laug, txawm nws yuav qab lub rooj. Tus liam sab laug lub tsev los ntawm dhau uas sab ntawm lub rooj thiab, whilst koj kub ua tsis sim los mus tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tawm hauv, Kuv xav tias hais tias qhov liam tau muaj tsim lub nco qab ntsoov hais tias koj kub lub thaws rov los ua ib tug yam ntxwv nruj rau nws.
59. Nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam, nws tswv yim kom koj kub uas lub khob yeej muaj tsuas yog ib lub hnab tshuaj yej tab sis nws khaw cia hais tias muaj lawm kua nyob rau hauv nws. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm rov qab seb puas muaj ib tug huv tau hu los mop li hauv pem teb tab sis hais tias koj Daley ces nqa lub khob whilst nws nqa lub tshuaj yej hnab.
60. Constable Khan muab pov thawj hais tias nws kawm nyob rau hauv lub National Archives tsev ntawm txog 3,45 pm thiab hais rau koj kub. Nws hais tias koj kub pom nws ib tug npaus khob tiam sis tsis tau qhia tias nws yog ib tug "Chubb [Security Uniform] lub tsho". Nws sau tseg hais tias koj kub tsis nyob rau hauv Uniform. Nws yog ib tug ntxiv sib tham nrog koj txog ntawm kub 10.00 pm hais tias thaum yav tsaus ntuj thaum nws coj ib tug video cassette mus rau lub nroog Tub Ceev Xwm chaw nres tsheb. Constable Khan lub pov thawj mas feem ntau corroborated los ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm Constable Strachan.
61. Tsis yog tus twg MS Wyatt tsis koj Daley raug hu los muab cov pov thawj, lub yav tas los yeej nyob rau hauv Thaj Scotland saib xyuas rau ib los yog ob qho tag nrho cov niam txiv thiab cov yav tas lawm npaum li cas tawm mus chaw pw tom hav tsuag nyob rau ntawm ib tug tsis paub qhov chaw nyob rau hauv South tub tiv thaiv ntawm Tshiab South Wales.
62. Kuv txais tias qhov teeb meem tshwm sim yuam tsum muaj nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm uas koj kub tau piav nyob rau hauv nws cov pov thawj. Lub li txoj cai ntawm tsiv lub khob thiaj li hais tias ib lub hnab tshuaj yej ntaus koj kub lub hauv siab, seb puas nrog los yog yam uas tsis muaj qee yam ntau ntawm cov tshuaj yej, kom meej meej muab kev koom tes ib co unlawful daim ntawv thov dag zog yuam thiab kom meej meej tshwm sim yam tsis tau kev tso cai nws. Chaw pib, nws amounted mus rau ib qho kev quab yuam.
63. Koj Everson dua xa hais tias kuv yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug uas tsim nyog nrog tias liam tej zaum yuav tau ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv. Txawm li ntawd los, kuv tsis tau txais qhov no raws. Qhov ntawm quab yuam tau piav los ntawm koj kub yog tsis suggestive ntawm ib tug li txoj cai npaum li cas nrog ib tug view mus rau fending tawm ib tug muaj peev xwm assailant. Xav paub ntau ntxiv tseem ceeb, whilst, raws li kuv tau hais, lub liam tej zaum yuav muaj tau tus nco qab ntsoov hais tias koj kub lub ua nyob rau hauv sawv thiab txav me ntsis mus rau sab thaws rov los ib tug nruj tus yam ntxwv rau nws, nws tsis tswv yim hais tias nws npaum li cas tuav ntawm liam, chased nws, harassed nws los yog npaj impede nws ncaim. Kuv rov qab txaus siab rau mus rau requisite tus qauv uas tsis muaj kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tshwm sim uas tej zaum yuav ua tau rau ib tug mistaken kev hem thawj los yog txaus ntshai rau tus liam. Chaw pib, Tsis zoo li txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv relation mus rau liam quab yuam thaum koj Brown, tsis muaj hauv paus rau tej contention tias nws to taub ntawm ib co kev txiav txim, raws li cuam tshuam los ntawm nws disordered los yog puas siab puas ntsws impaired kev, tej zaum yuav tau muab ib qho uas tsim nyog raws rau ib tug kev ntseeg tias nws yeej tsim nyog rau nws ua raws li nws tau ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej rau nws tus kheej tiv thaiv. Thiaj li, kuv txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias liam tsis tau ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv.
64. Rau cov yog vim li cas, kuv txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias tus liam ua tus ua constituting qhov ua txhaum them.
Tus liam quab yuam thaum koj raum
65. Koj Tony raum, ib tug solicitor ua hauj lwm los ntawm Lub ACT kev cai lij choj Society, mas nyob rau hauv nws lub chaw ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv Cov kev cai lij choj Society Building ntawm Canberra ntawm txog 10.25 am on 26 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2000 thaum nws twb paub txog hais tias tus liam mas yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam txais tos. Nws mus tawm rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawd thiab qhia nws tus kheej mus rau lub liam uas proceeded thov kom nws cov lus nug txog lub sij hawm ntawm huab tais lub ntuas nyob New South Wales. Koj raum nug nws dab tsi nws ua los sis yog vim li cas nws yog nyob rau ntawm Cov kev cai lij choj Society thiab liam yuav nyob rau hauv dab tsi tshwm kom tau ib tug loj incomprehensible tirade interspersed nrog obscenities. Koj raum said lub ib kab lus hais tias nws yuav rov qab mas "Kuv muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tub ceev xwm, tsis txhob rau koj tsoob ib ncig nrog kuv". Nws hais tias lub liam "lub heev agitated, irrational" thiab twb tsiv rau nws. Raws li nws puas yog li koj raum muaj ib txhais tes mus li yog tias mus rau Ward lub liam tawm thiab pib txav backwards whilst qhia qhov liam kom tsis txhob kov nws. Tus liam ces thawb koj raum nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab. Koj raum tsis xav tias thawb tshwm sim los nws txawm raug mob los yog mob.
66. Koj King, tus Executive Director ntawm Cov kev cai lij choj Society, npaj hu rau tub ceev xwm los ntawm ib lub xov tooj nyob rau ntawm lub rooj txais tos nyob ze. Tus liam Thaj qhia no thiab npaj wrest lub lub txais los ntawm nws. Koj raum thiab koj King ces coj tuav ntawm liam thiab tsiv nws rau lub qhov rooj. Koj raum hais tias tus liam tsis pib tawv tab sis thaum thawb tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj nws swung ib ncig thiab sim ncaws nws nyob rau hauv lub groin. Zoo hmoo, koj raum tsis tau kom tsis txhob hais tias ncaws. Nws thiab koj King ces rov rau hauv lub chav ua hauj lwm thiab tuav lub qhov rooj kaw whilst lub accountant, koj McArthur, tau ib tug tseem ceeb thiaj li hais tias nws yuav tau muab xauv. Nyob rau hauv uas theem tus liam, uas tau mus kev rau lub cheeb tsam nqa, xa rov qab thiab ncaws tawm lub qhov rooj.
67. Nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam koj raum tau pom zoo hais tias lub liam ces yav commenced Hais Plaub tawm tsam nws nyob rau hauv tag nrho ob lub Supreme Court thiab Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Tsev Hais Plaub. Koj raum tsis pom muaj tej yam recollection ntawm liam hais lo lus mus rau cov nyhuv ntawm "tsis txhob quab yuam kuv" thiab lees paus hais tias, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, nws tau raug thim deb ntawm lub liam raws li nws Advanced rau nws.
68. Koj King muab pov thawj ntawm hnov ​​nws lub npe hu ua tau los ntawm koj raum thiab ntawm rushing rau tus txais tos qhov chaw uas nws pom koj raum "grappling" nrog ib tug txiv neej uas twb ua ib tug ntau ua suab nrov. Nws hais tias nws hais kom tus txiv neej tawm thiab, thaum nws tsis ua li ntawd, npaj xov tooj ntawm tub ceev xwm. Tus txiv neej ces npaj noj lub handset los ntawm nws thiab nws thiab koj raum proceeded rau eject nws los ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm. Nws hais tias raws li lawv tau txais nws mus rau lub qhov rooj tus txiv neej npaj ncaws koj raum nyob rau hauv cov ceg los yog lub groin tab sis hais tias koj raum ces tshaj ib sab thiab muaj lawm tsis muaj kev sib cuag. Lawv ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv tau nws tawm ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm thiab kaw lub qhov rooj tab sis tus txiv neej xa rov qab thiab ncaws tawm lub qhov rooj. Lub xauv thiab hinges tom qab yuav tsum tau hloov.
69. Thaum nug kom piav qhia raws nraim li cas twb tshwm sim thaum koj King hais tias tus txiv neej tau "grappling" nrog koj raum, nws said nws ntsia li lawm lawv "squaring tawm, raws li cov neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug brawl ua", thiab piav qhia hais tias nws xav tias koj raum ces tau nws txhais tes mus txog repel tus neeg attacking nws. Nws kev tawm tsam ntawm lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv uas koj raum tau tuav nws tes yeej muaj raws li koj raum tus kheej kev tawm tsam. Nws ntxiv, "kuv pom Tony nrog nws txhais tes mus txog rau lub Chap lub hauv siab thiab Tony twb ceev tawm, nws ho raug yuam tawm tsam tsawg lub rooj uas yog tom qab lub rooj txais tos nyob rau hauv peb cheeb tsam txais tos".
70. Nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam koj King txais hais tias nyob rau hauv ib tug handwritten cim tau tom qab hnub ntawd nws siv lo lus "remonstrating" es tsis "grappling" tab sis hais tias nws tsis to taub tias muaj tej yam uas yuav sib txawv ntawm cov lus. Nws kuj tau pom zoo tias nws pib siv lo lus "distressed" es tsis "nruj" tab sis hais tias nws xav nws cia li siv lub tsis ncaj ncees lawm lo lus. Nws conceded hais tias nws paub tsis meej seb tus neeg lawm distressed los yog nruj tiam sis hais tias nws "yeej tau nruj rau [koj raum]" thiab hais tias "hais tias nov tsuas yog kuv yuav xaus kos los ntawm nws kev ua".
71. Koj McArthur uas yog ib tug accountant ua hauj lwm los ntawm Cov kev cai lij choj Society lees paus hais tias nws twb ploj mus rau lub cheeb tsam txais tos thiab twb pom koj King tuav ib tug xov tooj thiab ib tug txiv neej ncav thoob plaws counter npaj mus muab nws lub lub txais. Ib tug tawm tsam ensued nruab nrab ntawm lawv tshaj lub xov tooj. Sai tom qab tus txiv neej twb coj mus rau lub qhov rooj thiab sab laug lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Koj McArthur hais tias koj King twb npaj mus xauv qhov rooj thaum tus txiv neej xa rov qab thiab ua ib tug khiav Jump thiab ncaws tawm lub qhov rooj. Tus txiv neej ces tshuav lub tsev.
72. Constable Stirling, uas tuaj koom lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Cov kev cai lij choj Society sai tom qab qhov teeb meem no, pom lub qhov rooj xauv thiab pom hais tias lub qhov rooj thiab thav duab los kuj tau me ntsis tawm ntawm sib ncag.
73. Ms Duncan, uas Cov kev cai lij choj Society tus receptionist, muab pov thawj tias tus liam ces hais rau nws hais tias nws tuaj mus rau Society nrhiav tawm "yuav ua li cas barristers raws li hais los". Nws mus koj raum lub chaw ua haujlwm thiab hais rau nws tias liam yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam txais tos. Nws xa rov qab mus rau nws txoj hauj lwm tab sis tom qab no hais tias lub suab ces ua tsa thiab hnov ​​koj hu rau raum tawm rau koj King. Nws ces mus tau koj McArthur. Nws lees paus hais tias koj King ces npaj xov tooj tub ceev xwm thiab hais tias nws recalled lub liam ncav tshaj lub counter coj lub xov tooj. Nws qhib kom ua huaj lwm ib tug ruaj ntseg buzzer ces dialed lub 000 thaum muaj xwm ceev muaj pes tsawg tus thiab ua ib tug hu mus rau tub ceev xwm. Nws hais tias koj King thiab koj raum muab tshem tawm lub liam los ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm thiab twb sim los tuav lub qhov rooj kaw thaum lub liam xa rov qab los ntawm lub nqa cheeb tsam thiab "tsi tau ua zoo li ib tug karate ncaws" mus rau lub qhov rooj.
74. Koj raum yeej ib obviously credible pov thawj uas nws cov pov thawj ntawm muaj raug thawb los ntawm tus liam twb tsis sib tw nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam. Nws tus account ntawm qhov teeb meem no twb tseem ntau heev corroborated by pov thawj los ntawm koj King thiab, mus rau ib tug tsawg raws li, lwm cov neeg ua pov thawj. Kuv txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias liam puas tau thawb koj raum thiab tias thawb constituted ib tug quab yuam.
75. Kuv txais koj raum lub pov thawj hais tias ua ntej lawv thawb nws tau raug thim deb ntawm lub liam thiab qhia nws kom tsis txhob kov nws. Whilst lub Crown tsis cais tau hais tias tus liam ces muaj ib tug tsim nyog yog vim li cas rau ua nyob rau ntawm Cov kev cai lij choj Society lub chaw ua haujlwm, nws plainly twb tsis muaj entitlement kom nyob twj ywm ib zaug raug hais kom tawm. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev tshwm sim, nws tsis tswv yim rau koj raum uas nws npaum li cas tuav ntawm lub liam los yog lwm yam lub cev npaj eject nws ua ntej ntawd thawb. Nws yog qhov tseeb hais tias nws tsa ib txhais tes tab sis kuv txais nws ua pov thawj hais tias nws muaj nws nrog rau nws Palm qhib outwards raws li nws npaj qab deb ntawm tus liam. Rov qab mus rau lub hom phiaj kev xeem ib nrab nyob rau hauv posited Kurtic, kuv txaus siab mus rau lub requisite tus qauv uas tsis muaj kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tshwm sim uas tej zaum yuav ua tau rau ib tug mistaken kev hem thawj los yog txaus ntshai rau tus liam. Chaw pib, muaj dua tsis muaj hauv paus rau tej contention tias liam tus to taub ntawm ib co kev txiav txim raws li cuam tshuam los ntawm nws disordered los yog impaired puas siab puas ntsws kev tej zaum yuav tau muab ib qho uas tsim nyog raws rau ib tug kev ntseeg tias nws yuav tsum tau rau nws ua raws li nws tau ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej rau nws tus kheej tiv thaiv. Thiaj li, kuv txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog hais tias nws tsis tau ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv.
76. Rau cov yog vim li cas, kuv txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias tus liam ua tus ua constituting qhov ua txhaum them.
Tus liam quab yuam thaum koj Beaton
77. Nyob rau hauv txog 2.40 pm on 31 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2001 koj Beaton, leej twg ces tus ua yeeb yam Thawj Coj ntawm lub tsev Gorman Arts Centre, mas nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Centre thaum nws pom lub liam taug kev nyob rau ib txoj nyob ib sab mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Nws sab laug lub tsev thiab txav mus zeb qhov liam. Koj Beaton hais rau nws hais tias nws yog trespassing, hais tias nws xav nws tawm thiab hais tias yog nws tsis ua li nws xav hu rau tub ceev xwm. Nws hais tias tus liam tau taug kev deb ntawm nws, tiam sis hais tias nws ces muab, mus kev rov qab rau koj Beaton, said "kuv twb txaus ntawm no" thiab thawb nws. Koj Beaton yeej tsis meej ntawm ncaj heev qhov ntawm lub thawb tab sis ntseeg tias qhov liam ces thawb nws nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab nrog ob txhais tes qhib. Koj Beaton hais tias nws poob nws footing thiab poob rov qab tawm tsam "ntug" ntawm ib qhob phab ntsa. Nws lub taub hau Thaj tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub phab ntsa ua ib laceration uas yuav tsum tau xya sutures.
78. Nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam, koj Beaton khaws cia tias liam ces nres taug kev nyob rau ntawm ib tug taw tes rau qhov twg qhov txoj coj li nrog rua ib tug kev nce mus saum kev loj. Nws tsis txais lub tswv yim hais tias kev nce mus saum kev loj tau tom qab tsim. Nws kuj tsis pom zoo hais tias nws thawb lub liam los yog hais tias tus liam ces ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv.
79. Koj Duffy, leej twg ces lub Security Manager rau Gorman lub tsev Arts Centre tau hais tias nws tau nrog koj Beaton nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam cov thawj coj ntawm lub tsev nyob rau ntawm Gorman txog 2.40 pm on 31 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2000 thaum koj Beaton pom lub liam taug kev dhau los no lub qhov rooj thiab sab laug lub tsev. Koj Duffy hais tias nws muab ib co ntaub ntawv tam sim ntawd ua ntej stepping tawm nrog rua lub tsaws. Nws ces pom koj Beaton sawv rau ntawm pathway nrog nws rov qab mus rau lub phab ntsa thiab tham nrog lub liam leej twg sawv rau ntawm lwm yam sab ntawm txoj ntsib nws. Nws hais tias lawv muaj ib tug sib tham tiam sis hais tias nws yuav tsis hnov ​​dab tsi twb tau said. Nws ces hais tias tus liam dheev muab ob txhais tes thiab thawb koj Beaton "nyuab - cai los ntawm nyiaj ua lag luam thiab rov qab mus rau hauv cov phab ntsa" thiab tias koj Beaton ces "poob lawm qab lub nyiaj ua lag luam". Koj Duffy ces shouted, "kuv pom tau hais tias" thiab liam sab laug.
80. Nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam koj Duffy, zoo li koj Beaton, khaws cia tias kev nce mus saum kev loj tau muaj rau qee lub sij hawm ua ntej qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug. Muaj tsis muaj pov thawj mus rau tsis tooj.
81. Ob qho tag nrho koj Beaton thiab koj Duffy ciali yuav nkaus ncaj neeg ua pov thawj, kuv muaj ib tug ntau heev contradiction nyob rau hauv lawv cov account ntawm qhov teeb meem. Koj Beaton khaws cia tias liam tau taug kev deb thiab muab rov tuaj raws txoj mus thawb nws whilst koj Duffy khaws cia tias ob tug txiv neej tau sawv rov qab on sab ntawm txoj thaum liam dheev lunged tos ntsoov yuav thawb koj Beaton. Kuv am tsis muaj cuab kav los mus txiav txim nrog rau tej yam uas ntseeg siab tiag tiag ntawm no ob versions yeej muaj tseeb los yog seb puas txawm version muab ib tug wholly tseeb tus account ntawm yam xwm txheej. Koj Everson tus Ua raws tias Crown tsis los ua pov thawj mus rau requisite tus qauv uas tus liam mas ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau suav hais tias yog nyob rau hauv no ntsiab.
82. Txuas ntxiv mus, koj Beaton conceded tias tus liam ces ua tsis tau sim taug kev li tus ntaiv mus rau hauv lub tsev thiab tias bitumen pathway uas nws tau taug kev lawm qhib rau, thiab siv los ntawm, cov pej xeem. Koj Beaton tseem conceded tias nws twb nrhiav ib tug muab khi thiaj li tawm tsam lub liam tiam sis nws hais tias daim ntawv thov tau lawb tawm mus. Nws yuav tshwm hais tias, muaj unsuccessfully nrhiav ib tug muab khi thiaj li tawm tsam lub liam, koj Beaton tau txiav txim siab los siv qhov kev cai lij choj rau hauv nws tus kheej txhais tes los ntawm confronting lub liam, wrongly accusing nws ua ib tug trespasser, xav tau hais tias nws tawm thiab hem kom hu rau tub ceev xwm yog hais tias nws tsis ua li ntawd. Cov pov thawj tsis qha tej yam tiag tiag justification rau no ze. Tus liam Thaj tau txhua txhua txoj cai siv lub pathway.
83. Koj Everson sib cav, nyob rau hauv cov essence, hais tias koj Beaton twb tshwm ib tug hostile thiab unreasonable tus yam ntxwv rau tus liam thiab hais tias nws tej zaum yuav tsis tsuas tau ua raws li tus liam cia tus txoj mus txuas ntxiv remonstrating nrog nws tab sis ploj mus ntxiv thiab tiag thawb nws. Koj Beaton raug tsis pom zoo no tswv yim thiab muaj tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm ib tug xws li thawb. Nonetheless, koj Everson khaws cia hais tias qhov teeb meem ntawm tus kheej tiv thaiv tau kom tsa thiab tias Crown ces tsis raug tshem tawm tau tias tus liam ces ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej rau nws tus kheej tiv thaiv. Nws kuj sib cav hais tias contradiction ntawm cov account ntawm koj Beaton thiab koj Duffy inevitably cam khwb cia nrog rau hauv muaj cai yauv on koj Beaton tus tsis pub.
84. Cov teeb meem lawv cogently sib cav thiab ces koj Beaton tau ib tug tsawg dua muaj nqis pov thawj tej zaum kuv yuav tau pom koj Everson lub sib ceg yuam. Koj Duffy plainly tsis pom koj Beaton thawb lub liam tiam sis nws tus account ntawm qhov teeb meem muab kev tsuas tsawg tsawg corroboration ntawm koj Beaton tus tsis pub ntawm muaj ua li ntawd. Kuv tseem ras ntawm yog dab tsi Kirby J tau piav raws li ib tug "loj hlob to taub txog ntawm fallibility ntawm qhov kev luj xyuas hais plaub ntug ntawm cov muaj cai yauv los ntawm cov tsos thiab demeanor ntawm neeg ua pov thawj nyob rau hauv lub courtroom". Saib lub xeev kev tsheb nqaj hlau Authority ntawm Tshiab South Wales v Earthline Constructions Pty LTD [1999] HCA 3; (1999) 160 ALR 588 ntawm 617.
85. Nonetheless, kuv txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm koj Beaton lub pov thawj hais tias nws tsis thawb lub liam. Nws qhuas kuv yog ib tug neeg ua ncaj ncees tug txiv neej ua nws zoo tshaj plaws kom qhia tau qhov tseeb txawm thaum candid cov lus teb kuj yuav qhia tau rau nws thuam. Chaw pib, whilst kuv txais tau tias tus liam ua nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau kev uas nws yuav zoo tau kev raws li provocative, kuv nonetheless txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog uas nws tsis thawb los ntawm koj Beaton.
86. Nws tsis tswv yim hais tias lwm yam kev txiav txim tshwm sim uas tej zaum yuav ua tau rau ib tug mistaken kev hem thawj los yog txaus ntshai rau tus liam. Chaw pib, muaj dua tsis muaj hauv paus rau tej contention tias nws to taub ntawm ib co kev txiav txim raws li cuam tshuam los ntawm nws los yog disordered impaired puas siab puas ntsws tej zaum yuav muaj kev muab ib yam tsim nyog raws rau tej yam kev ntseeg tias nws yuav tsum tau rau nws ua raws li nws tau ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej rau nws tus kheej- tiv thaiv. Thiaj li, kuv rov qab txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias liam tsis tau ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv.
87. Koj Beaton lub account ntawm kev txom nyem ib tug txiav rau nws lub taub hau li ib tug rau txim ntawm bumping nws nyob rau phab ntsa mas corroborated by duab npaum li cas los ntawm Sergeant Corrigan. Lub laceration twb tseem pom los ntawm Constable Jennings uas mus Gorman lub tsev nrog Sergeant Corrigan sai tom qab quab yuam. Raws li, kuv txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias koj Beaton txom nyem tiag tiag bodily raug mob.
88. Kuv muaj tsis muaj yog vim li cas rau thiaj hais tias liam npaj ua rau tsu laceration los yog, tseeb, kom ua rau koj Beaton mus txom nyem twg raug mob nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Cov pov thawj tsim muaj tsuas yog hais tias nws thawb koj Beaton, Thaj nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm cheem nws los ntawm txuas ntxiv mus koom nyob rau hauv dab tsi nws tej zaum kev raws li unwarranted kev ua phem. Txawm li cas los, raws li kuv tau hais, nws yog ib qhov tsis tseem ceeb rau lub Crown ua pov thawj tias nws npaj ua tiag tiag bodily raug mob. Nws yog txaus rau Crown los ua pov thawj hais tias xws li mob tshwm sim raws li ib tug rau txim ntawm tus quab yuam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no ib tug inference mus hais tias ua hauj lwm yog inescapable.
89. Rau cov yog vim li cas kuv txaus siab rau tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias liam cog lus ua qhov uas tshwm sim tawm qhov ua txhaum them.
90. Kuv yuav hnov ​​ntuas raws li mus rau lub xaj tias yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm cov uas nrhiav tau.
Kuv lees tias tus ntej cuaj caum (90) numbered paragraphs yog ib tug yeej muaj tseeb daim qauv ntawm yog vim li cas rau cov kev txiav txim ntawm nov mus nws Honour, Kev Ncaj Ncees Crispin
Associate:
Date: 16 Lub yim hli ntuj 2002
Ntuas rau lub foob: Ib Robertson
Solicitor rau lub foob: ACT Director of Public Prosecutions
Ntuas rau tus liam: C Everson
Solicitor rau liam: Saunders & Company
Hnub ntawm lub rooj sib hais: 22-24, 31 Lub Xya hli ntuj
Hnub ntawm kev txiav txim: 16 Lub yim hli ntuj 2002...